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A. MARIOTTE.

METHOD 0F MILLING AND APPARATUS 'USED THTREIN. No; 270,906.-

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v METHGD 0F MILLING AND APPARATUS USED THEREIN.

No. 270,906. Patented Jan. 2s, 1883.

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ABEL MARIOTTE, OF VREUX, FRANCE.

AlVivETHOD OF MILLING AND APPARATUS USED THEREIN.

Y SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 270,906, dated January 23, 1883.

Application filed April 14, 18S2. (No model.) Patented in France October 21,1881, No. 145,440; in England December 7, 18H1, No. 5,357; in BelgiumDecember 12, 188'., No, 56,475; in Austria December 27, 1881, No. 629; in Italy December 31, 1881, No. 265; in Spain January 7, 1882, No. 492, and in Russia January 29, 1882, No. 640.

` of such plates, and has for its object to secure a more efficient operation thaucan be obtained with ordinary millstones, or even with rollers, and a greater speed with less expenditure of motive power, and without danger of heating. For the complete reduction ofthe grain (wheat) at least two mills are used, the first comprising a pairot metal plates suitably channeled, which operate to open and break the grains without producing lur,0r with the production of but a small quantity of ilour, and the last com` prising smooth-surfaced plates which operate to crush the broken grain. Instead of the plates with smooth surfaces rollers (of castiron or porcelain, such as commonly used in the well-known roller-mills,) revolving with different velocities can be used, such roller-mill forming a new combination with the mill having channeled plates.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, Figures 1 and 2 are views, respectively, in central vertical scction and in elevation, showing the general construction of a mill with plates. Fig. 3 represents a set ot' two mills; Fig. 4, a set of three mills; and Figs. 5, 5, 5b, 6, 69,61, 7, 7i, "b, and

v8 and Si illustrate the forms of the millingplates, Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 being plan views and the others views in section.

A is the machine-frame, B a cross-bar, and G a cylinder on said cross-bar.

J K are the grinding' or mill plates, the bedplate K being fixed to the machine-frame, and the .moving plate J being keyed to the upright shaft Gr, near the top. The shaft- G is supported at the bottom by a pivot, F, resting-in the step E, which fits in the cylinder C, and is l l supported by the lever L through the medium of the rod c.

A packing-ring, D, surrounds the step. The lever L is pivoted at O to a rod depending from the cross-bar B, and at the opposite end, aty 0', is joined to a rod, N, lscrew-threaded near its upper end, and adjustable by means of an internally-threaded wheel, M, engaging the screw-thread on said rod.

By turning the wheel M the shaft G and attached plate J can be raised or lowered, so as to increase or diminish the space between it and the bed-plate K. The shaft Gr is adjusted to a vertical position, so as to make the two plates parallel, by adjusting thejournal-box I by means otl the set-screws connected therewith. The shaft G and plate J are revolved by bevel-gearing from the horizontal shaft car- A rying the fast and loose pulleys H H.

The faces of the plates J and K are provided withchannels running in the direction shown in Fig. 5, and ot' the form'shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 51. These channels and the lands between them should, to accomplish the best results, correspond inwidth and depth with the size of the grainto be ground, their depth being a little less than the radius of the grain,

and their width somewhat more than the diameter thereof. rounded.

'lhe grain is lirst passed between the plates J K, ofthe proper size and seta suitable distance apart. Being delivered through the eye of the upper plate or runner, the grains are drawn between the plates, and on account of The edges of the lands are the current of air generated by centrifugalforce, and by reason of the shape of the grooves in the plates, they place themselves with their longer axes lengthwise of the grooves. By the rounded edges of the lands they are divided or split lengthwise, so that the fissure in each grain, wherein the dust lodges so closely as not to he removable by any of the ordinary modes of cleaning, is laid open, the grain being divided on the line of least resistance. It' the grains have been pierced by insects, the same result follows, and the powder which' has lodged in the borings made by the insects is ties are thus removed at the outset, and are not encountered in subsequent operations, whereby the value of all the products, even of the bran, is increased. It will be seen, therefore, that these plates fulfill the office ot' the channeled or of the smooth rollers heretofore employed, while at the same time they offer a larger and more active working-surface, the grooves and lands last longer, and by use increase instead of decreasing in efficiency, the pressure upon and heating1 of the cylinderjournals are avoided,and, nally, the active working-surface and the path ofthe grain being longer, less pressure on the grain is required, so that the danger of heatingis avoided. The grain delivered from the channeled plates is bolted or passed through a fan to remove the powder and other residuum, which contains scarcely one-fourth to one-half per cent. of flour, this being the sole b v-product 0f value. The split grain, purified, is passed again between the same plates set closer together, or preferably between another set of channeled plates, J' K', Fig. 4, which have grooves less deep and wide to correspond with the sizes of the split pieces. Thus, if the first set of plates, J K, had grooves of the size shown in Figs. 5, 5, and 5b, the grooves of the second set might be the size shown in-Figs. 6, 6U', and 6b, or in 7, 7', and 7b. rlhe grain is passed repeatedly between the channeled plates until reduced to the desired extent, the plates being broughtcloser and closer together, or being provided with smaller grooves for each successive operation.

The first time the broken or split grain is passed between the mill-plates J K, brought nearer together, orbetwcen the plates J K' with small grooves, the yield is about forty-eight per cent. of bran attached to the semolina-nearly fifty per cent. of semolfina and grits almost denuded, which will be returned to be further purified and reduced, and about two per cent. of flour of very fine quality. The successive passages between the plates J K or J' K', brought closer and closer together, serve to separate the bran entirely, and yield no more than four per cent. to ten per cent. of flour, all of very fine quality, and at the end of the second or third return of the grain to the mill, the germs are separated, so that their oil does not pass into the fiour. The semolina and grits thus obtained can be made into our by subjecting the same to the action of smooth-surfaced porcelain or cast-iron rolls having differential speeds, such rolls being well known, and when used in connection with the channeled milling-plates constituting a new and useful combination, but it is preferred'to effect this (ouring) operation also by milling-plates P Q, made, like the plates J K or J K', of metal, but having smooth crushing or grinding surfaces.

While the channeled plates act by cutting or splitting and rubbing or bruising at the same time that they exert a regulated pressure, the plates l? Q, between which the semolina and grits are repeatedly passed, crush and dis- Y integrate the farinaceous parts,and flatten the germs and more elastic and tenacious parts, which correspond to the exterior part of the kernel of the wheat, situated immediately under the embryonic membrane that contains the eerealine. rlhe plates P Q are mounted in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Their shape is shown in Figs. 8 and 8b. The broad lands which grind or crush the grain are divided by radial grooves extending from the center,` as shown in full lines, with or without smaller grooves, as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 8. Ad-

jacent to these grooves the lands are cutaway or inclined, as shown in Fig. 8b, so as to admit the rounded particles of semolina and grits to enter between the lands and be crushed. By the action of the plates P Q the round and less resistant parts of the grain--that is to say, the whiter but less nutritious farinaceous parts at the center of the grainare crushed and disintegrated, while the exterior parts or the perisperin of the kernel, together with the remainderof the bran, the germs, e., are flattened without being otherwise acted upon, and the more farinaceous parts are completely separated, so that after the milling is completed it is possible to classify them, notwithstanding this extreme state of division.

rEhe milling products are bolted; and as the results there are obtained, on the one hand, a first-class flour, the whole of superior quality and very nutritious, since no part of the gluten has been decomposed; and, on the other hand, certain fine particles, called tailings,77 which can be mixed with the small residuum from the early cracking or splitting operations.

By this process, as will be seen, the first set of large channeled plates, the intermediate plates, (when these are used,) andthe final smooth-surfaced plates act under the same conditions-that is to say, they receive, or can receive again and again, the one the cracked grain, the others the reduced semolina and grits.

Although it is preferred to use horizontal milling-plates with sensibly at faces, they may be made slightly conical, or be mounted on a horizontal axis, and, moreover-especially in the latter case-thetwo plates may be revolved in opposite directions. l

By the method and means described the wheat and the grain are first of all relieved of their impurities, which, therefore, do not come in contact with the flour, the milling operations are effected at less expense of motive power,with less trouble and expense, and without heating the product, notwithstanding the use of higher speeds, than with the ordinary ICO IIO

l which is so injurious to the health of'a worksides of the central line of each land toward y man, and which requires the mills to be stoppedA while it can, be performed, is dispensed with,-

plates of great solidity, strong dress, and great durability, which can be adapted for operation by ordinary workmen, being substituted for the delicate millstones of silex.

Having now fully described my said invention and the manner of carrying thesame into effect, what I claim isl. Achanneledmill-plaieofhard or hardened metal cast in one piece, the channels being radial, or nearly so, and the corners of the in'- tervening lands being rounded, as set forth.

2. A mill-plate having broad smoothsurfaced lands divided by radial grooves and slightly inclined or cut away on the opposite said grooves, as and forthe purposes set forth. 3. The combination, with a set of' channeled plates for cracking or splitting the grain, of channeled plates for further reducing the crushed or split grain, substantially as described.

4. Thecombination,with the channeled plates for cracking or splitting the grain, of smoothsurfaced crushing apparatus for convertir! g the cracked grain or semolina and grits into our, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with channeled plates for reducing the grain to the condition of semolina or grits by cracking or splitting, of plates having smooth-surfaced lands for reducing said semolina or grits to flour by crushing, substantially as described.

6. The method of converting grain into Hour by cracking or splitting the same between channeled plates, and removing the impurities and crushing the purified semolina and grits between smooth crushing-surfaces, substantially as described.

v.. The method ot' converting grain into flour by cracking orsplitting the same between channeled plates, and removing theimpurities and crushing'the purified semolina and grits between grooved plates having smooth-surfaced lands, substantially as described.

S. The method of converting semolina and grits into iiour byrepeatedlypassin g the same between crushing-plates with smooth-surfaced lands, substantially as described.

9. T he method ot' converting grain into flour by passing the same repeatedly between channeled plates brought nearer together for each successive operation, so as gradually to reduce the grain by cracking or splitting, and finally crushing the semolina and grits thus' formed between smooth surfaces, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this speciiication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ABEL MARIOTTE.

. Witnesses G. DUPONT, EM. Prrro'r. 

